Hyperthermia uses heat as a non-chemical treatment for disease. Plasmonic nanoparticles are extremely efficient at absorbing light in the visible/infrared regions of the spectrum and releasing the energy as heat. Many plasmonic photothermal therapies are in clinical trials including treatments for head and neck cancer, light-pigmented hair removal, and acne therapy. A related application that we are actively researching is how to use the photothermal properties of nanoparticles to rapidly thaw frozen embryos and tissue without damage.
Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapies
Infrared absorbing plasmonic nanoparticles efficiently convert laser light into heat. Gold nanorods, gold nanoshells, and silver nanoplates can all be engineered to efficiently absorb light at target wavelengths (typically, 600 nm – 1100 nm). Magnetic nanoparticles can also be used in hyperthermia applications by heating with radio frequency (RF) fields, and thus have the advantage of much deeper penetration of the heating energy compared with light penetration into the body. Typically, particles are surface functionalized to provide stability and biocompatibility.
How We Can Help
NanoComposix has a comprehensive library of plasmonic nanoparticles that can be manufactured under our ISO13485 and GMP quality system to produce biocompatible, sterile, low-endotoxin materials suitable for clinical trials and supply. Gold nanorods, gold nanoshells, and silver nanoplates are the most common materials used for photothermal applications, and can be coated with silica or PEGylated. The particles can be further functionalized with antibodies to target particles to a region of interest.
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Surface |
Charge |
Characteristics |
Available Materials |
Buy |
NCX University |
Bare (Citrate) |
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Easiest standard surface to displace with other molecules. |
Gold, silver, platinum |
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Aminated (BPEI) |
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Covalently bound. Conjugatable surface. |
Gold, silver |
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Carbonate |
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For biocojugation. Smaller, less complex molecule with a lower affinity to gold nanoparticle surface than citrate. |
Gold |
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Carboxyl/Lipoic Acid |
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Covalently bound. Conjugatable surface. |
Gold, silver |
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Dodecanethiol |
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Redispersible and stable in non-polar organic solvents. |
Gold, silver |
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NHS |
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For quick and easy bioconjugation – no EDC/NHS activation required. |
Gold |
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PEG |
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Highest stability in aqueous buffers and polar organic solvents. |
Gold, silver |
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Polystyrene |
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Hydrophobic surface that allows for dispersion in a wide range of polar organic solvents. |
Gold |
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PVP |
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Large polymer surface. Stable in a wide variety of solvents. |
Gold, silver, magnetite |
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Silica Shell |
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Greatest solvent compatibility. Preserves plasmonic properties upon deposition. |
Gold, silver, silica |
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Silica Shell (Aminated) |
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Conjugatable surface. Greatest solvent compatibility. Preserves plasmonic properties upon deposition. |
Gold, silver, silica |
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Streptavidin |
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For convenient bioconjugation of any biotinylated antibody, protein, or oligonucleotide. |
Gold |
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Tannic Acid |
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Less easily displaced than citrate but stable in more buffers. |
Gold |
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Do none of these work for you? Request a Custom Surface |