| Bare (Citrate) |
|
Easiest standard surface to displace with other molecules. |
Gold, silver, platinum |
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| Aminated (BPEI) |
|
Covalently bound. Conjugatable surface. |
Gold, silver |
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| Carbonate |
|
For biocojugation. Smaller, less complex molecule with a lower affinity to gold nanoparticle surface than citrate. |
Gold |
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| Carboxyl/Lipoic Acid |
|
Covalently bound. Conjugatable surface. |
Gold, silver |
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| Dodecanethiol |
|
Redispersible and stable in non-polar organic solvents. |
Gold, silver |
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| NHS |
|
For quick and easy bioconjugation – no EDC/NHS activation required. |
Gold |
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|
| PEG |
|
Highest stability in aqueous buffers and polar organic solvents. |
Gold, silver |
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| Polystyrene |
|
Hydrophobic surface that allows for dispersion in a wide range of polar organic solvents. |
Gold |
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| PVP |
|
Large polymer surface. Stable in a wide variety of solvents. |
Gold, silver, magnetite |
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| Silica Shell |
|
Greatest solvent compatibility. Preserves plasmonic properties upon deposition. |
Gold, silver, silica |
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| Silica Shell (Aminated) |
|
Conjugatable surface. Greatest solvent compatibility. Preserves plasmonic properties upon deposition. |
Gold, silver, silica |
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| Streptavidin |
|
For convenient bioconjugation of any biotinylated antibody, protein, or oligonucleotide. |
Gold |
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|
| Tannic Acid |
|
Less easily displaced than citrate but stable in more buffers. |
Gold |
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| Do none of these work for you? Request a Custom Surface |
