Bare (Citrate) |
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Easiest standard surface to displace with other molecules. |
Gold, silver, platinum |
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Aminated (BPEI) |
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Covalently bound. Conjugatable surface. |
Gold, silver |
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Carbonate |
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For biocojugation. Smaller, less complex molecule with a lower affinity to gold nanoparticle surface than citrate. |
Gold |
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Carboxyl/Lipoic Acid |
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Covalently bound. Conjugatable surface. |
Gold, silver |
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Dodecanethiol |
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Redispersible and stable in non-polar organic solvents. |
Gold, silver |
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NHS |
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For quick and easy bioconjugation – no EDC/NHS activation required. |
Gold |
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PEG |
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Highest stability in aqueous buffers and polar organic solvents. |
Gold, silver |
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Polystyrene |
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Hydrophobic surface that allows for dispersion in a wide range of polar organic solvents. |
Gold |
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PVP |
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Large polymer surface. Stable in a wide variety of solvents. |
Gold, silver, magnetite |
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Silica Shell |
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Greatest solvent compatibility. Preserves plasmonic properties upon deposition. |
Gold, silver, silica |
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Silica Shell (Aminated) |
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Conjugatable surface. Greatest solvent compatibility. Preserves plasmonic properties upon deposition. |
Gold, silver, silica |
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Streptavidin |
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For convenient bioconjugation of any biotinylated antibody, protein, or oligonucleotide. |
Gold |
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Tannic Acid |
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Less easily displaced than citrate but stable in more buffers. |
Gold |
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Do none of these work for you? Request a Custom Surface |